Assertion (A): Lord Linlithgow described the August Movement of 1942 as the most serious rebellion since Sepoy Mutiny. Reason (R): There was massive upsurge of the peasantry in certain areas.

1. Assertion (A): States that Lord Linlithgow described the August Movement of 1942 (Quit India Movement) as the most serious rebellion since the Sepoy Mutiny (1857). This is a well-known statement attributed to Linlithgow, reflecting the scale and intensity of the movement. Assertion (A) is true. 2. Reason (R): States there was a massive upsurge of the peasantry in certain areas during the movement. The Quit India Movement saw widespread participation, including significant peasant involvement, sabotage, attacks on government infrastructure, and the formation of parallel governments in some areas. This peasant upsurge was a major factor contributing to the movement's intensity. Reason (R) is true. 3. Explanation: The massive upsurge (including that of the peasantry) was a key reason why Linlithgow considered the August Movement so serious. Thus, R is the correct explanation for A. 4. Conclusion: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.