Consider the following : 1. Fringe Benefit Tax 2. Interest Tax 3. Securities Transaction Tax. Which of the above is/are Direct Tax/Taxes ?

1. Direct Taxes are levied directly on the income or wealth of individuals or corporations and are paid directly to the government by the taxpayer. 2. Fringe Benefit Tax (FBT), when it was in effect in India (introduced 2005, abolished 2009), was levied on employers for certain benefits provided to employees. It was considered a Direct Tax payable by the employer. 3. Interest Tax Act, 1974 levied a tax on the gross interest earned by scheduled banks and financial institutions. This was considered a form of Direct Tax on income (interest). (Note: The Act was withdrawn and reintroduced at different times). 4. Securities Transaction Tax (STT) is levied on the value of securities transacted through a recognized stock exchange. While collected by the broker, it is effectively a tax on the transaction (capital gain/income potential) and is generally considered a Direct Tax. 5. Therefore, all three (Fringe Benefit Tax, Interest Tax, Securities Transaction Tax) are considered Direct Taxes.