Consider the following international agreements : 1. The International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture 2. The United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification 3. The World Heritage Convention Which of the above has/have a bearing on the biodiversity?

The question asks which of the listed international agreements have a bearing on biodiversity. 1. The International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (ITPGRFA): This treaty directly concerns the conservation and sustainable use of plant genetic resources, which are a vital component of agricultural biodiversity. It aims to ensure fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from their use. Thus, it has a direct bearing on biodiversity. 2. The United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD): Desertification leads to land degradation, loss of habitats, and consequently, loss of biodiversity. Combating desertification involves sustainable land management practices that help conserve soil, water, and vegetation, thereby supporting biodiversity in arid, semi-arid, and dry sub-humid areas. Thus, it has a bearing on biodiversity. 3. The World Heritage Convention: This convention aims to protect cultural and natural heritage sites of outstanding universal value. Many designated Natural World Heritage sites are crucial ecosystems (forests, reefs, mountains, etc.) that harbor significant biodiversity. Protecting these sites contributes to the conservation of global biodiversity. Thus, it has a bearing on biodiversity. Therefore, all three agreements (1, 2, and 3) have a bearing on biodiversity.