Consider the following statements: 1. Biodiversity is normally greater in the lower latitudes as compared to the higher latitudes. 2. Along the mountain gradients, biodiversity is normally greater in the lower altitudes as compared to the higher altitudes. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1. Statement 1 is correct. There is a well-established ecological pattern known as the latitudinal diversity gradient, where biodiversity is generally greater in the lower latitudes (near the equator/tropics) compared to the higher latitudes (towards the poles). This is attributed to factors like higher solar energy input, greater climate stability, larger land areas (in some regions), and longer evolutionary history in tropical regions. 2. Statement 2 is correct. A similar pattern, often called the altitudinal diversity gradient, exists along mountain gradients. Biodiversity tends to be greater at lower altitudes and decreases as altitude increases. This is due to factors like decreasing temperature, lower productivity, reduced habitat area, and increased environmental harshness at higher altitudes. 3. Both statements reflect recognized patterns in the distribution of biodiversity.