GS PrelimsGeography (Human geography)Water Resources2023

Consider the following statements : 1. Statement-I: According to the United Nations' World Water Development Report, 2022', India extracts more than a quarter of the world's groundwater withdrawal each year. 2. Statement-II: India needs to extract more than a quarter of the world's groundwater each year to satisfy the drinking water and sanitation needs of almost 18% of world's population living in its territory. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

A

Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I

B

Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I

C

Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect

D

Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct

Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation

1. Statement-I: According to various reports, including those by the United Nations and other water resource organizations, India is the largest user of groundwater globally, accounting for approximately 25% (a quarter) of the world's groundwater withdrawal annually. The World Water Development Report, 2022 highlights the critical state of global water resources. Therefore, Statement-I is correct. 2. Statement-II: While India does have a large population (around 18% of the world's population) with significant drinking water and sanitation needs, the primary driver for its massive groundwater extraction is agriculture. Irrigation accounts for the vast majority (around 80-90%) of groundwater use in India, not primarily drinking water and sanitation. Therefore, Statement-II provides an incorrect justification for the high withdrawal rate and is incorrect. 3. Since Statement-I is correct and Statement-II is incorrect, option (C) is the correct choice.

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