Consider the following statements :
1. Statement-I: According to the United Nations' World Water Development Report, 2022', India extracts more than a quarter of the world's groundwater withdrawal each year.
2. Statement-II: India needs to extract more than a quarter of the world's groundwater each year to satisfy the drinking water and sanitation needs of almost 18% of world's population living in its territory.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?
A
Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I
B
Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I
C
Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect
D
Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct
Correct Answer: Option C
Explanation
1. Statement-I: According to various reports, including those by the United Nations and other water resource organizations, India is the largest user of groundwater globally, accounting for approximately 25% (a quarter) of the world's groundwater withdrawal annually. The World Water Development Report, 2022 highlights the critical state of global water resources. Therefore, Statement-I is correct.
2. Statement-II: While India does have a large population (around 18% of the world's population) with significant drinking water and sanitation needs, the primary driver for its massive groundwater extraction is agriculture. Irrigation accounts for the vast majority (around 80-90%) of groundwater use in India, not primarily drinking water and sanitation. Therefore, Statement-II provides an incorrect justification for the high withdrawal rate and is incorrect.
3. Since Statement-I is correct and Statement-II is incorrect, option (C) is the correct choice.