Consider the following statements :
1. The United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC) has a 'Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air'.
2. The UNCAC is the ever-first legally binding global anti-corruption instrument.
3. A highlight of the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC) is the inclusion of a specific chapter aimed at returning assets to their rightful owners from whom they had been taken illicitly.
4. The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) is mandated by its member States to assist in the implementation of both UNCAC and UNTOC.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
Correct Answer: Option C
Explanation
1. Statement 1 is incorrect. The 'Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air' is a protocol supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC), not the United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC).
2. Statement 2 is correct. The UNCAC, adopted in 2003, is indeed considered the first comprehensive, legally binding global anti-corruption instrument.
3. Statement 3 is incorrect. The provision for returning assets to their rightful owners (asset recovery) is a major highlight and a specific chapter (Chapter V) of the UNCAC, not the UNTOC.
4. Statement 4 is correct. The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) serves as the secretariat for the Conference of the States Parties to the UNCAC and the Conference of the Parties to the UNTOC. It is mandated by its member States to assist them in the implementation of both conventions.
5. Therefore, only statements 2 and 4 are correct.
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