GS PrelimsScience and TechnologyGeneral Science2001

Consider the following statements: A simple pendulum is set into oscillation. Then 1. the acceleration is zero when the bob passes through the mean position. 2. in each cycle the bob attains a given velocity twice. 3. both acceleration and velocity of the bob are zero when it reaches its extreme position during its oscillation. 4. the amplitude of oscillation of the simple pendulum decreases with time. Which of these statements are correct?

A

I and II

B

III and IV

C

I, II and IV

D

II, III and IV

Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation

1. Statement 1: In a simple pendulum's oscillation, the velocity is maximum and the acceleration (due to the net restoring force) is zero when the bob passes through the mean position (equilibrium). (Correct) 2. Statement 2: For any speed less than the maximum speed, the bob attains that speed twice in each complete cycle – once moving in one direction and once moving in the opposite direction. (Correct) 3. Statement 3: At the extreme position, the velocity of the bob is instantaneously zero, but the acceleration (restoring force) is maximum. (Incorrect) 4. Statement 4: Due to air resistance and friction at the pivot, the amplitude of oscillation of a real simple pendulum decreases with time (damped oscillation). (Correct) 5. Therefore, statements 1, 2, and 4 are correct.

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