the power of the Judiciary to pronounce upon the constitutionality of laws and executive orders.
B
the power of the Judiciary to question the wisdom of the laws enacted by the Legislatures.
C
the power of the Judiciary to review all the legislative enactments before they are assented to by the President.
D
the power of the Judiciary to review its own judgements given earlier in similar or different cases.
Correct Answer: Option A
Explanation
1. Judicial Review in India refers to the power of the higher Judiciary (Supreme Court and High Courts) to examine the constitutionality of legislative enactments (laws) and executive orders of both the Central and State governments.
2. If a law or executive order is found to be violative of the Constitution (ultra vires), it can be declared null and void by the Judiciary.
3. Option (A) accurately describes this core function: the power to pronounce upon the constitutionality of laws and executive orders.
4. Option (B) is incorrect. Judicial Review examines legality and constitutionality, not the wisdom or policy merits of the laws.
5. Option (C) is incorrect. The Judiciary reviews laws after they are enacted, typically when challenged, not before they receive Presidential assent.
6. Option (D) describes the power of the Supreme Court to review its own judgements (curative petition, review petition), which is a separate concept from the Judicial Review of legislative and executive actions.