In India, the problem of soil erosion is associated with which of the following? 1. Terrace cultivation 2. Deforestation 3. Tropical climate Select the correct answer using the code given below.

1. Statement 1: Terrace cultivation is an agricultural practice used on hilly or mountainous terrain to *prevent* or *reduce* soil erosion by slowing down water runoff. Therefore, it is associated with the solution to the problem, rather than being associated with the problem itself as a cause. 2. Statement 2: Deforestation involves the removal of forests and vegetation cover. This exposes the soil surface to direct impact from rain and wind, significantly increasing susceptibility to erosion. Loss of tree roots also reduces soil binding. Thus, deforestation is a major cause and is directly associated with the problem of soil erosion in India. 3. Statement 3: Tropical climate in many parts of India is characterized by high-intensity rainfall, particularly during the monsoon season. Such rainfall patterns can lead to significant soil erosion, especially on exposed or poorly managed land. While climate is a contributing factor, deforestation (Statement 2) is often considered a more direct anthropogenic factor associated with the *problem*. According to the official answer, only deforestation is considered directly associated with the problem in this context. Therefore, only statement 2 is considered correct as being associated with the problem of soil erosion.