The first venture of Gandhi in all India politics was the

1. The question asks about Gandhi's first venture in all-India politics. 2. The Champaran Movement (1917) was Gandhi's first major satyagraha in India, but it was focused on the issue of indigo farmers in a specific region (Champaran, Bihar). 3. The Rowlatt Satyagraha (1919) was launched by Gandhi in protest against the repressive Rowlatt Act. This was conceived as a nationwide movement involving hartals (strikes) and civil disobedience across India. Although its intensity varied regionally and it was eventually called off due to violence (like the Jallianwala Bagh massacre), it marked Gandhi's first attempt to lead a political agitation on an all-India scale. 4. The Non-cooperation Movement (1920-22) was a much larger and more organized all-India movement led by Gandhi, but it came after the Rowlatt Satyagraha. 5. The Dandi March (1930) initiated the Civil Disobedience Movement, another major all-India campaign, but much later. 6. Therefore, the Rowlatt Satyagraha represents Gandhi's first entry into all-India politics.