What was the main reason for the split in the Indian National Congress at Surat in 1907?

1. The Surat Split of the Indian National Congress in 1907 was the culmination of growing differences between the two main factions: the Moderates and the Extremists. 2. The main reason for the split was the ideological and tactical disagreement over the methods and goals of the nationalist movement. 3. The Extremists, led by figures like Tilak, Lajpat Rai, and Bipin Chandra Pal, advocated for more assertive methods, including passive resistance and extending the Swadeshi and Boycott movements beyond Bengal. They had lost faith in the efficacy of the Moderates' approach of petitions, prayers, and constitutional agitation to persuade the British Government. 4. Option (B) accurately reflects this core issue: the Extremists' lack of faith in the Moderates' capacity to effectively negotiate with the British and achieve substantial political concessions. 5. Option (A) is incorrect as the Morley-Minto reforms introducing separate electorates came in 1909, after the split. 6. Option (C), the foundation of the Muslim League in 1906, was a parallel development but not the direct cause of the internal split within the Congress. 7. Option (D) relates to the controversy over the Congress presidency at the Surat session, which was a trigger point reflecting the deeper ideological divide, but the issue wasn't solely about Aurobindo Ghosh's election.