When you travel in Himalayas, you will see the following: 1. Deep gorges 2. U-turn river courses 3. Parallel mountain ranges 4. Steep gradients causing land- sliding Which of the above can be said to be the evidences for Himalayas being young fold mountains?

1. The Himalayas are geologically young fold mountains, formed by the collision of the Indian and Eurasian tectonic plates, a process that is still ongoing. Their youth and mode of formation are reflected in several distinct geomorphological features. 2. Statement 1 (Deep gorges) is correct evidence. The rapid uplift of the Himalayas has caused rivers (like Indus, Sutlej, Brahmaputra) to cut down vertically at a fast rate to maintain their course, resulting in the formation of very deep gorges. This indicates significant recent uplift. 3. Statement 2 (U-turn river courses) is correct evidence. Features like antecedent drainage and syntaxial bends (sharp U-turns) in river courses indicate that the rivers pre-dated the uplift and were able to maintain their paths by cutting through the rising mountains, further evidence of the relatively recent and ongoing uplift. 4. Statement 3 (Parallel mountain ranges) is correct evidence. Fold mountains are formed by compressional forces leading to the folding of rock strata. This process typically results in the formation of elongated, parallel mountain ranges, which is a characteristic feature of the Himalayas (e.g., Himadri, Himachal, Siwaliks). 5. Statement 4 (Steep gradients causing land-sliding) is correct evidence. Young mountains are characterized by steep gradients due to active uplift and less time for erosion to mellow the slopes. These steep slopes, combined with geological instability and heavy rainfall/snowmelt, make the region prone to frequent land-sliding, which is indicative of a dynamic and geologically active (young) mountain system. 6. Therefore, all four features listed can be considered evidences for the Himalayas being young fold mountains.