GS PrelimsEnvironmentSymbiosis2021

Which of the following have species that can establish symbiotic relationship with other organisms? 1. Cnidarians 2. Fungi 3. Protozoa Select the correct answer using the code given below.

A

1 and 2 only

B

2 and 3 only

C

1 and 3 only

D

1, 2 and 3

Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation

1. A symbiotic relationship is a close and long-term interaction between two different biological species. This can include mutualism, commensalism, or parasitism. 2. Cnidarians (1): Yes, many cnidarians, such as corals, anemones, and jellyfish, establish symbiotic relationships. A classic example is corals hosting photosynthetic zooxanthellae (dinoflagellates). 3. Fungi (2): Yes, fungi are well-known for forming symbiotic relationships. Examples include lichens (symbiosis between fungi and algae/cyanobacteria) and mycorrhizae (symbiosis between fungi and plant roots). 4. Protozoa (3): Yes, many protozoa live in symbiotic relationships. Examples include protozoa in the guts of termites that help digest cellulose, and various parasitic protozoa (like Plasmodium causing malaria). Since all three groups contain species capable of establishing symbiotic relationships with other organisms, the correct answer includes 1, 2, and 3.

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