Which of the following is/are unique characteristic/characteristics of equatorial forests? 1. Presence of tall, closely set trees with crowns forming a continuous canopy 2. Coexistence of a large number of species 3. Presence of numerous varieties of epiphytes Select the correct answer using the codes given below.

1. Equatorial forests, also known as tropical rainforests, are found near the equator and are characterized by high rainfall and temperatures throughout the year. 2. Statement 1 is a unique characteristic. These forests typically feature tall, closely set trees competing for sunlight. Their crowns often form a dense, continuous canopy high above the ground, significantly reducing the amount of light reaching the forest floor. 3. Statement 2 is a unique characteristic. Equatorial forests exhibit extremely high biodiversity, meaning there is a coexistence of a large number of species of plants, animals, fungi, and microorganisms within a given area. They are among the most species-rich ecosystems on Earth. 4. Statement 3 is a unique characteristic. The high humidity and constant moisture in these forests support the growth of numerous varieties of epiphytes. Epiphytes are plants that grow on other plants (typically trees) without being parasitic, such as orchids, bromeliads, ferns, and mosses. They are abundant in the canopy and on tree trunks. 5. All three statements describe key and distinctive characteristics of equatorial forests.