Which of the following leaf modifications occur(s) in the desert areas to inhibit water loss? 1. Hard and waxy leaves 2. Tiny leaves 3. Thorns instead of leaves Select the correct answer using the code given below:

1. Statement 1 is correct. Hard and waxy leaves reduce the rate of transpiration. The waxy coating (cuticle) on the leaf surface acts as a barrier, preventing excessive water loss to the dry atmosphere of desert areas. 2. Statement 2 is correct. Reducing the size of leaves (tiny leaves) minimizes the surface area exposed to sunlight and wind, thereby lowering the amount of water lost through transpiration. 3. Statement 3 is correct. In many desert plants, leaves are modified into thorns. This significantly reduces the surface area available for transpiration and also serves as a defense mechanism against herbivores. Photosynthesis is often carried out by the stem in such plants.