Which of the following statements is/are applicable to Jain doctrine? 1. The surest way of annihilating Karma is to practice penance. 2. Every object, even the smallest particle has a soul. 3. Karma is the bane of the soul and must be ended. Select the correct answer using the codes given below.

1. Statement 1 is applicable to Jain doctrine. Jainism emphasizes that penance (Tapas) and austerities are crucial for purifying the soul and shedding accumulated Karma. Extreme penance is considered the surest way to accelerate the annihilation of Karma and achieve liberation (Moksha). 2. Statement 2 is applicable to Jain doctrine. A fundamental tenet of Jainism is the belief in Hylozoism, which holds that every object, including seemingly inanimate ones like stones, water, air, and fire, as well as plants and animals, possesses a soul (Jiva). Even the smallest particle is believed to have a soul. This underpins the principle of Ahimsa (non-violence) towards all beings. 3. Statement 3 is applicable to Jain doctrine. Jainism views Karma as subtle matter particles that attach to the soul due to passions and actions, obscuring its innate purity and causing bondage to the cycle of birth and death. Therefore, Karma is the bane of the soul and must be ended through right faith, right knowledge, and right conduct (including penance and non-violence) to attain liberation. 4. All three statements accurately reflect core principles of Jain doctrine.