Which of the following statements is/are correct?
1. Viruses lack enzymes necessary for the generation of energy.
2. Viruses can be cultured in any synthetic medium.
3. Viruses are transmitted from one organism to another by biological vectors only.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
Correct Answer: Option A
Explanation
1. Statement 1 is correct. Viruses are metabolically inert outside a host cell. They do not have their own metabolic machinery, including the enzymes necessary for the generation of energy (like ATP synthesis). They rely entirely on the host cell's machinery to replicate and synthesize viral components.
2. Statement 2 is incorrect. Because viruses lack their own metabolic machinery and are obligate intracellular parasites, they cannot be cultured in a simple synthetic medium like bacteria or fungi. They require living host cells (such as cell cultures, embryonated eggs, or living animals) for replication.
3. Statement 3 is incorrect. While many viruses are transmitted by biological vectors (like mosquitoes transmitting Dengue virus or Zika virus), this is not the *only* mode of transmission. Viruses can also be transmitted through direct contact, airborne droplets (e.g., influenza), contaminated food or water (e.g., Norovirus), sexual contact (e.g., HIV), or contaminated needles.
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