Which one of the following scholars suggests the earth's origin from gases and dust particles?

1. The question asks which scholar proposed the Earth's origin from gases and dust particles. 2. Several theories involve gases and dust (nebular hypothesis and its variations). 3. James Jeans proposed the tidal theory, involving filament ejected from the Sun due to a passing star. 4. H. Alfvén worked on magnetohydrodynamics and plasma cosmology, ideas different from simple gas/dust accretion. 5. F. Hoyle proposed the steady-state theory for the universe and later accretion theories for planet formation, but Schmidt's work is more directly linked to the specific idea of capture from interstellar dust/gas clouds. 6. Otto Schmidt (O. Schmidt), a Russian scientist, proposed in 1944 that the Earth and other planets accreted from a vast cloud of cold gas and dust particles captured by the Sun from interstellar space. This theory directly matches the description.