Which one of the following statements about Sangam literature in ancient South India is correct?
A
Sangam poems are devoid of any reference to material culture.
B
The social classification of Varna was known to Sangam poets.
C
Sangam poems have no reference to warrior ethic.
D
Sangam literature refers to magical forces as irrational.
Correct Answer: Option B
Explanation
1. The question asks for the correct statement about Sangam literature in ancient South India.
2. Option (A) is incorrect. Sangam poems are rich in details about the material culture of the time, including agriculture, trade, crafts, clothing, food, and warfare.
3. Option (B) is correct. While the rigid four-fold Varna system as described in North Indian texts might not have been identically applied, the Sangam poets were aware of social classification. They mention groups like 'andanar' (Brahmins), kings, merchants, and farmers, indicating a hierarchical social structure and knowledge of the Varna concept.
4. Option (C) is incorrect. The 'Puram' category of Sangam poems extensively deals with themes of war, heroism, and the warrior ethic, praising kings and warriors for their bravery and sacrifices.
5. Option (D) is incorrect. Sangam literature reflects the beliefs of the time, which included references to spirits, omens, rituals, and magical forces (like 'anku'). These were part of the accepted worldview and not explicitly dismissed as irrational.