With reference to agriculture in India, how can the technique of 'genome sequencing', often seen in the news, be used in the immediate future?
1. Genome sequencing can be used to identify genetic markers for disease resistance and drought tolerance in various crop plants.
2. This technique helps in reducing the time required to develop new varieties of crop plants.
3. It can be used to decipher the host-pathogen relationships in crops.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
A
1 only
B
2 and 3 only
C
1 and 3 only
D
1, 2 and 3
Correct Answer: Option D
Explanation
1. Statement 1 is correct. Genome sequencing allows scientists to determine the complete DNA sequence of an organism. In crop plants, this information can be used to identify specific genes or genetic markers associated with desirable traits like disease resistance and drought tolerance.
2. Statement 2 is correct. By identifying genetic markers for desired traits (Marker Assisted Selection - MAS), genome sequencing helps plant breeders select promising lines much earlier and more accurately than traditional breeding methods. This significantly reduces the time required to develop new varieties of crop plants with improved characteristics.
3. Statement 3 is correct. Understanding the genomes of both the host (crop plant) and the pathogen (like fungi, bacteria, or viruses) through genome sequencing allows researchers to decipher the complex genetic and molecular interactions involved in host-pathogen relationships. This knowledge is crucial for developing effective disease management strategies.
4. Therefore, all three statements describe valid applications of genome sequencing in agriculture in the immediate future.