With reference to India, consider the following Central Acts. 1. Import and Export (Control) Act, 1947 2. Mining and Mineral Development (Regulation) Act, 1957 3. Customs Act, 1962 4. Indian Forest Act, 1927 Which of the above Acts have relevance to/bearing on the biodiversity conservation in the country?

1. The Import and Export (Control) Act, 1947, along with subsequent foreign trade policies, can regulate or prohibit the trade of endangered species and products derived from them, thus having a bearing on biodiversity conservation by controlling illegal wildlife trade. 2. The Mining and Mineral Development (Regulation) Act, 1957 governs mining operations. Mining activities can lead to habitat destruction and fragmentation, pollution, and displacement of wildlife, directly impacting biodiversity. Therefore, its regulation is relevant to conservation. 3. The Customs Act, 1962 is critical for controlling the movement of goods across borders. It is used to enforce prohibitions and restrictions on the import and export of wildlife and related products, making it relevant to biodiversity conservation (e.g., implementing CITES regulations). 4. The Indian Forest Act, 1927 provides the legal framework for the protection and management of forests, declaration of reserved and protected forests, and regulation of forest produce. Since forests are vital habitats for a vast majority of India's terrestrial biodiversity, this Act is directly relevant to its conservation. Therefore, all four Acts have relevance to biodiversity conservation in the country.