GS PrelimsScience and TechnologyUniverse and Space Technology2018

With reference to India's satellite launch vehicles, consider the following statements: 1. PSLVs launch the satellites useful for Earth resources monitoring whereas GSLVs are designed mainly to launch communication satellites. 2. Satellites launched by PSLV appear to remain permanently fixed in the same position in the sky, as viewed from a particular location on Earth. 3. GSLV Mk III is a four-staged launch vehicle with the first and third stages using solid rocket motors; and the second and fourth stages using liquid rocket engines. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A

1 only

B

2 and 3

C

1 and 2

D

3 only

Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation

1. Statement 1 is correct. PSLVs (Polar Satellite Launch Vehicles) are primarily used to launch satellites into polar or sun-synchronous orbits, which are ideal for Earth resources monitoring and remote sensing. GSLVs (Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicles) are designed mainly to launch communication satellites and meteorological satellites into geosynchronous transfer orbit (GTO) or geostationary orbit (GEO). 2. Statement 2 is incorrect. Satellites launched by PSLV into polar/sun-synchronous orbits continuously orbit the Earth, passing over different locations. Satellites that appear to remain permanently fixed in the sky are those in geostationary orbit, which are typically launched by GSLVs, not PSLVs. 3. Statement 3 is incorrect. GSLV Mk III (now designated LVM3) is a three-staged launch vehicle, not four-staged. It consists of: Stage 1 - Two solid rocket motors (S200 boosters); Stage 2 - A core liquid rocket engine stage (L110); Stage 3 - An upper cryogenic liquid rocket engine stage (C25). The description of stages and propellant types is inaccurate.

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