With reference to the cultural history of medieval India, consider the following statements:
1. Siddhas (Sittars) of Tamil region were monotheistic and condemned idolatry.
2. Lingayats of Kannada region questioned the theory of rebirth and rejected the caste hierarchy.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct Answer: Option C
Explanation
1. Statement 1 is correct. The Siddhas (also known as Sittars) of the Tamil region were a group of saints/mystics prominent during the medieval period. They often espoused monotheistic ideas, focusing on a formless supreme being, and were known to criticize orthodox religious practices, including idolatry and elaborate rituals.
2. Statement 2 is correct. The Lingayats (or Virashaivas), who emerged in the Kannada region under the leadership of Basavanna in the 12th century, strongly opposed the prevalent social and religious norms. They rejected the caste hierarchy, questioned traditional Hindu beliefs like the theory of rebirth and karmic retribution, and also condemned practices like child marriage and idolatry.
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