With reference to the United Nations Convention on the Law of Sea, consider the following statements :
1. A coastal state has the right to establish the breadth of its territorial sea up to a limit not exceeding 12 nautical miles, measured from baseline determined in accordance with the convention.
2. Ships of all states, whether coastal or land-locked, enjoy the right of innocent passage through the territorial sea.
3. The Exclusive Economic Zone shall not extend beyond 200 nautical miles from the baseline from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
Correct Answer: Option D
Explanation
1. Statement 1: Article 3 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of Sea (UNCLOS) explicitly states that every coastal state has the right to establish the breadth of its territorial sea up to a limit not exceeding 12 nautical miles, measured from baselines determined in accordance with the convention. This statement is correct.
2. Statement 2: Article 17 of UNCLOS grants ships of all states, whether coastal or land-locked, the right of innocent passage through the territorial sea, subject to the conditions laid out in the convention. This statement is correct.
3. Statement 3: Article 57 of UNCLOS defines the breadth of the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), stating that it shall not extend beyond 200 nautical miles from the baseline from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured. This statement is correct.
4. Since all three statements accurately reflect provisions of UNCLOS, the correct option is (D).
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